Congressional Approval Act

Full Title:
___ Act of 2025

Summary#

This bill would require Congress to review and approve major Executive Orders and major agency rules before they take effect. The President and federal agencies would have to publish supporting information, including data, studies, and cost-benefit analyses, and send a report to each House of Congress and the Comptroller General. The bill defines "major" rules as those likely to have $100 million or more in annual economic effect or other large economic impacts. A major Executive Order or major rule generally could not take effect unless Congress enacts a specific joint resolution approving it. If Congress does not approve within specified time limits (generally 70 session or legislative days), the Executive Order or rule would be treated as not approved. The bill allows a 90-calendar-day emergency exception the President can use for imminent threats, criminal enforcement, national security, or certain trade actions. It sets detailed, expedited procedures for House and Senate consideration, limits amendments and debate on the required joint resolutions, and gives the Comptroller General deadlines to report on major rules. The bill also prohibits judicial review of determinations under the new chapter except to confirm that required procedural steps were completed, exempts monetary policy rules by the Federal Reserve, and requires a GAO study on the number and economic cost of existing rules.

What it means for you#

  • Federal agencies would need to publish the data and analyses behind significant rules and tell the public how to access that information online.
  • Major rules and major Executive Orders could not become final until Congress votes to approve them, unless a short presidential emergency exception is used.
  • The Comptroller General (GAO) would review major rules and report to congressional committees.
  • There are special timelines and limited debate rules in both the House and Senate for voting on these approvals.

Expenses#

No publicly available information on overall costs or savings from this bill. The bill requires the Comptroller General to conduct a study and report within one year; agencies must provide cost-benefit analyses and other materials, but the bill text does not include cost estimates for those activities or for congressional consideration.

Proponents' View#

No publicly available information.

Opponents' View#

No publicly available information.